Econ 545 Business Economics Project Two Microeconomic...

ECON 545: Business Economics Project Two: Microeconomic Analysis Situation B For Situation B, Cindy is looking at investing into the renewable energy industry. She is looking at one section of the industry to invest in, which is that of contracting the installation of solar panels. Cindy, has read, that families and businesses are saving money by going to solar for their power needed. Also, that there are government back regulation to make solar more assessable to people. For Cindy, she is looking pass the business opportunity for installing solar planes, but that this product can reduce pollution and help save the environment. GDP and Solar Energy In the United States and most nations in the world, energy is vital in keeping†¦show more content†¦Solar Resources are not only affecting the GDP for power, but in other areas as well. Over a million residential water heaters are replaced each year and more are being replaced by using solar power. The solar power is given an opportunity in use solar power as the primary heating source for homes and commercial buildings. Which can increase the amount of GDP that is spend, yearly on solar and a large share of the energy market. Business Cycle, Unemployment and Inflation When looking at Renewable Energy, with a closer look at solar energy, there could be an increase in the use of solar due to the recession or a trough in the business cycle. The cost of renewable energy on the decline and the increase in the cost of more common energy production, there will be an increase in demand. In the last few years, when economy was in an expansion period, solar power cost did rise and so did the construction cost that caused projects to be stopped. With the recession, that was worldwide, reduced the overall price for the construction of solar panels and made for a rapid growth of equipment manufacturing in Asia. This added competition to the market and made it more affordable to use solar power in the United States. Renewable energy industry is taking more of a foothold, due to an increase in the price of coal and other raw materials that areShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |   846 Pagesilluminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings, he has been open to a wide variety of other ideas, recognizing their intellectual strengths and capabilities rather than making artificial distinctions between what is acceptable and what is not. He also has contributed widely to the accounting literature, taking forward the British tradition of economic theorizing in financial accounting as well as being a constant source of creative thinkingRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pagesthese numbers as being daily rent payments.) Person Price = A = 40 B 25 C D 30 35 E 10 F 18 G 15 H 5 (a) Plot the market demand curve in the following graph. (Hint: When the market price is equal to some consumer i’s reservation price, there will be two diï ¬â‚¬erent quantities of apartments demanded, since consumer i will be indiï ¬â‚¬erent between having or not having an apartment.) 2 THE MARKET (Ch. 1) Price 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Apartments (b) Suppose the

Animal Testing For Medical Purposes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1655 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Animal Testing For Medical Purposes Should Be Banned Animal testing for medical purposes, also known as animal experimentation, is conducted when inventing new medicine to cure people. In order to test the safety and the effectiveness of new drugs, animals that share similar genetic groups with humans are used as experimental objects to simulate the human environment. The world has been witnessing the debate of whether to ban animal testing since 1930s, when an animal-tested drug called the DEG caused more than 100 deaths of people . This essay will first argue against Animal Testing for medical purposes from moral basis. Then, it will deeply analyze the current situation of animal testing, distinguishing the achievements of animal testing from the apparent or hidden drawbacks, in order to persuade people that disadvantages overshadow advantages. After that, it will list alternatives to replace animal testing for medical purposes and prove their promising future developments. At last, this essay will summarize from all the arguments and give a conclusion. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Animal Testing For Medical Purposes" essay for you Create order Animal Testing: An immoral, cruel form of experiment Animal Testing is morally wrong. This is the basis of why it should be banned. Even where there are laws against cruelty towards animals , the brutality of animal treatment still crosses any justifiable line. Dr. Chaitanya Koduri, science policy advisor for PETA chronicles laboratories, wrote that rats and mice infested with worms and mites and the decayed bodies of newborn animals (were just) left lying on the groundsheep had holes drilled into their skulls and were injected with rabies Ratswere blinded after having glass tubes pushed behind their eyes to extract blood. Lauren Walker of Newsweek describes experiments like this: the monkeys were made to inhale a lethal amount of anthrax, (they had) difficulty breathing (they) were vomiting, losing control of their bowels. Many were just left to die . These are just a few of the countless examples of cruelty to animals. At least 115 million animals are tested on each year, large percentages of those without any anesthesia . Yet, many people stay ignorant of all those immoral experiments, simply because they are far away from them. On the contrary, the benefits of animal testing to humans are quite obvious: it is helpful to cure human diseases. The details of this statement will be analyzed in the following paragraphs, in which they will be argued against. At this point, it is no bother to assume this statement to be 100% trustworthy, and the following theory will explain why. According to Kohlberg, the theory of Stages of Moral Development, whether to ban animal testing lies in the contradiction between requirements in Social Contract and Individual Rights (stage 5) and requirements in Universal Ethical Principles (stage 6) . At stage 5, people tend to gain the mutual benefit for all in society. So, if animal testing for medical reasons is beneficial to the majority of mankind, it should be conducted regardless of any fixed law. That is the reason for many proponents of animal testing. However, at stage 6, people cease to just think of themselves, the society or any other concrete entities in the human world. Instead, their behavior depends upon universal ethical principles: justice, equality and conscience. From this level, although animal testing is probably beneficial, it is undoubtably cruel, because every form all it deliberately violates fundamental rights for animals as a form of life, and all lives are sacred. British poet Tomas Hardy has an excellent expression in the novel Jude the Obscure to clarify this phenomenon : Do not do an immoral thing for moral reasons. In other words, all kinds of animal testing should be banned, regardless of their different purposes; all kinds of animal testing shou ld be banned, whether they are beneficial to mankind or not. Animal Testing: An unreliable, wasteful and dangerous choice Supporters of animal testing have good reasons indeed. They argue that the medical and scientific advances earned by animal testing have allowed countless lives to be saved from the ravages of disease and injury, so that banning animal testing causes hundreds of thousands of deaths every year because of the lack of effective medicine. They can list a lot of achievements, including HIV , GBM and other treatments. Nevertheless, they apparently ignore the following three factors: First, it has to be admitted that animal testing for medical reasons has played important roles in case of curing diseases, but the efficiency is questionable. In order to invent a valid new medicine, scientists usually conduct thousands of experiments, resulting in possibly one successful example. Cancer drugs, among all drugs, have the lowest success rate, for only 5% of all samples are proved effective after entering clinical trials. Other examples, such as psychiatry drugs (6% approved), heart drugs (7% valid) and neurology drugs (8% success), are in almost the same condition . The problem with this is not because that scientists havent done enough experiments, but because human genetic groups, though very similar to those animals that we test on, are different and will only be affected by the genetic determinants and physiological mechanisms that are unique to our own. A study published in Science found that a crucial protein that controls blood sugar in humans is missing in mice. Even if scientists made this gene to express in genetically altered mice, it behaved differently. The worse thing was that this injected gene had exactly the opposite effect from what should have in humans it caused loss of blood sugar control in mice. So, if scientists use animal models, they will not be confounded with relevant data. Instead, they will actually be diverted away from unraveling the causes behind human diseases and be misguided. Second, the cost of using animal testing to make medicine is incredible. The US government, for instance, spends as much as $14.5 billion per year on animal testing, with several projects continuously demanding for taxpayers money but resulting in nothing . Anthony Bellotti, founder and executive director of White Coat Waste Project, said: This large amount of money is paying for experiments in which small dogs are forced to run on treadmills until they have heart attacks at schools like Wayne State University, and to study the effects of crystal meth on monkeys at UCLA. How can we justify government waste like this? Moreover, there is little need to calculate the number of testing animalsthey are too many to be counted. By sacrificing all those lives and all that large amount of money, what benefits does the world have? The truth is, whether supporters of animal testing admit it or not, billions of dollars are spent every year on useless programs that are cruel and inhumane and have no scientific benefits. Third, even when drugs do pass animal testing, they can be deadly for humans. Blind faith in animal tests means that incidents like TGN 1412 trials happen. The drug showed no ill effects, after testing in mice, rabbits, rats and monkeys and even being given 500 times the dose for humans to those animals for four consecutive weeks. However, within minutes of being given to humans, some patients suffered from permanent organ damage. Horribly, one of them was spotted as swelling heads and was regarded as elephant man trial. This is not just a rare example. Alzheimers drugs and hepatitis drugs also reported similar accidents . If animal testing is aimed at saving human lives, it also puts people in greater danger. Animal Testing: Can be replaced and ultimately becomes unnecessary From technological, financial and social perspective, animal testing has been proved unreliable, wasteful and dangerous; from the moral basis, it is obligated to stop this inhumane behavior. The strongest argument for not banning animal testing is now reduced to this: It is morally wrong and has all those disadvantages, but it is indispensable, therefore cannot be cancelled. It is possibly true before, during the last century, when other technologies were not developed. Today, things are different. Artificially constructed organs can now model diseases and their cures, eliminating the need for animal testing. Donald Ingber, Doctor at Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, has constructed a human lung. Cells within it are susceptible to infections. When Ingbers team added bacteria to the airspace of the lung-on-a-chip, white blood cells swarmed to the bacteria. They have also tested the toxicity of a cancer drug known to fill patients lungs with fluid, a condition known as pulmonary edema. Ingbers lung-on-a-chip is one of many new attempts at replacing animal models with more effective analogs. Despite artificial organs, computer models can extensively simulate human inner environment. A research team at the Danish National Veterinary Institute has spent years feeding computer models with information about toxins. The so-called QSAR models (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships) help them study unknown substances for health hazards, and they can also in certain situations reduce the demand of animal testing. This model is also capable of comparing the chemical structure of the new substance with existing substances in the database. Though not very developed, methods related to cloud calculating and huge databases like this will become mature in the foreseeable future. With these methods, the number of diseases that need animal testing to cure is decliningultimately it may be unnecessary at all, and this is not an unreasonable guess. After all, science and technology are always developinga natural tendency. One day, animal testing would be old-fashioned and replaced To sum up, animal testing for medical reasons has a cruel history, a questionable and current situation and a doomed future. Maybe it was useful and helpful in the past; it is time for us to ban animal testing now. The process could be long and arduous, but there is hope. John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the US, told his people in his inaugural speech to have faith. Although he was talking about something else, the spirit within his words is the same: All this will not be finished in the first hundred year, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet, but let us begin.

The Travels of Marco Polo Free Essays

It was in 1254 when Maffeo Polo, a rich Venetian merchant, and his business partner brother Niccolo Polo were engaged in a journey outside Venice, Italy for trading in Constantinople and Far East.   Traveling on a Silk Road was a long sail, good enough for merchants like them.   However, as they planned going back home using the same route, they were trapped by the civil war between Hulagu and his opponent cousin Barka in Bukhara, and thus decide to use an eastward route although it was unfamiliar to them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Travels of Marco Polo or any similar topic only for you Order Now There they meet an ambassador of Hulago who became an instrument of the meeting between the Polos and the great emperor as the latter was excited meeting a Latin for the first time.   The Polos were treated with high respect especially when the emperor learned about the Catholic faith.   He sent off the Polos to go home and ask the Holy See to send 100 educators and teach Khan’s citizens become Christians.   However, the death of Pope Clement IV made the Polos stranded again but this time in Acre, Italy, year 1269. The College of Cardinals’ anointing of a new Pope happened in the late 1271.   Handling gifts and letters from Pope Gregory X (Teobaldo) of Piacenza, Polo brothers sailed themselves off again, with two friars and Niccolo’s 17-year old son Marco Polo.   Reaching the war zone, the two friars were discouraged and hesitant to continue the journey with the group.   The mission that was originally tasked to supposedly 100 educators was forcedly fall solely to Marco Polo.   This was the beginning of the latter’s meaningful journey to Asia, parts of Africa and Europe. Long after Marco Polo’s travel and escapades to Asia, he was able to sum up his accounts in a book written by him with the help of his romanticist writer friend Rusticiano de Pisa.   It has the full documentation of Marco, accounted diligently in four parts and given the title The Description of the World a.k.a. The Travels of Marco Polo.. Marco Polo’s Travel Account on the Silk Road Middle East and Central Asia On their three and a half years of journey in the Silk Road, Marco had plenty of systematic observations from Middle Easter’s custom, religious practices, traditions, food, food preparations, history, climate, geographical, and natural resources to having a fascination on civilizations, tribes and beautiful Persian women, which Marco expressed in his original words as â€Å"a handsome race, especially the women, who, in my opinion, are the most beautiful in the world.† The group sailed from Laias port to Armenia until they reached the Persian Gulf.   From Homurz to Kerman, passing Herat, Balkh, Badakhshan, they were able to get on Pamir, a plateau between Afghanistan and Tibet, and described as the highest place on earth.   They traded with Tibetan Buddhists in Campichu. China (Cathay) and Kubilai Khan’s court As planned, the group reached their destination in Kublai Khan’s court, which is located in Shangtu, almost 200 miles away from Peking to deliver the oil as Pope Gregory X’s gift to the emperor.   Marco Polo observed Kublai Khan’s splendid living as royalty and nobleman with wisdom power, wealth and skill.   He discovered how Chinese give importance in record-keeping, feasts and festivals, and wondrous inventions such as monetary systems using stamp, paper and wood as money, literally running man as express messenger, fine highways, and the use of â€Å"black stone† or coal for fuel.   He expressed his praises in his line â€Å"To this city everything that is most rare and valuable in all parts of the world finds its way.† East Coast: Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa The fluency of Marco Polo in four different languages made the Polos ambassador of Khan Empire in some countries.   At the same time, Kublai Khan was successfully conquered the whole of China.   The Polos were allowed to go home in Venice with 600 crewmembers, which mostly did not survive believing that some were drowned, some were lost in storms, and some were died due to some malignant illnesses. There they encountered adventurous travels as they sailed south from Vietnam to Indochina.   He also made beautiful accounts of the place such as Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Japan, Siberia, Ethiopia, and the coast and islands of the Indian Sea.   On his accounts, he still admitted having this line, â€Å"I have only told the half of what I saw!† Wars and the Northern Region While en route, the group heard the sad news that the great Mongolian emperor and conqueror of China Kublai Khan is already dead.   Afterwhich, they arrived in their homeland Venice in 1295.   Soon after their arrival, Marco Polo was engaged in a war against Genoa, which happened to be the most difficult rival of Venice’s sea-going trading.   Marco Polo was imprisoned.   He started his storytelling and then put it in writing afterwards.   He clearly gave emphasized his praises as he was impressed in the Chinese civilization under Mongol ruling. He concluded his book with this explanation, â€Å"I believe that it was God’s pleasure that we should get back in order that people might learn about the things that the world contains. Thanks be to God! Amen! Amen!† Analysis and Conclusion Marco Polo is not just a famous traveler and a relative of Venetian merchant during their times.   He could be called anthropologists.   Based on his great accounts traveling to the Silk Route or Silk Road, he made thorough information not just about the geographical route, but mostly its noteworthy and interesting details, which made his travel story a travelogue. He was able to educate his readers in his generation and even up to this modern era.   His book was not just about Chinese civilization, Mongolian wars and Kublai Khan’s Empire although his utmost impression with it was given full attention.   Furthermore, he gave focus on some facts in Asia and its people; how they were differ from each other, Christianity as well as other religious belief and practices, etc.   He also managed completing his document without making any biased statements. This is the irony, trading as the primary goal of the Polos during their journey in the Silk Road was given sufficient justification in the book because in the end, trading serves as the main reason of the great traveler Marco Polo’s captivity in Genoa. R E F E R E N C E Latham, Ronald. The Travels of Marco Polo. New York: Penguin, 1958. How to cite The Travels of Marco Polo, Essay examples